Tanzania's natural beauty and wildlife attract many travelers seeking adventure in the African bush. Popular destinations on the Northern Circuit, such as the Serengeti, Ngorongoro Crater, and Kilimanjaro National Park, are connected by well-maintained roads. However, travel outside these areas can be slow and challenging. This guide provides valuable insights into the various transportation options in Tanzania, helping you navigate this diverse and fascinating country.

Flying: The Fastest Way to Travel in Tanzania

Tanzania boasts three international airports with excellent connectivity, especially within Africa and the Gulf region. The busiest, Julius Nyerere International Airport in Dar es Salaam, offers connections to various regional airports and private airstrips across Tanzania. Kilimanjaro International Airport, known as the “Gateway to Africa’s Wildlife Heritage,” connects travelers to northern national parks. Zanzibar’s Abeid Amani Karume International Airport caters to those seeking idyllic beaches, with numerous connections to African capitals and seasonal flights from Europe.

Domestic airlines like Air Tanzania and Coastal Aviation provide daily flights between major cities and tourist hotspots such as Arusha, Zanzibar, Mafia Island, and Mwanza. For high-end safari experiences, many lodges have private airstrips serviced by charter flights, typically included in the safari package. Keep in mind that baggage allowances on these flights are usually limited to 15kg per passenger.

Tip for flying in Tanzania: Use soft-sided bags instead of hard suitcases to comply with baggage regulations on small aircraft used for domestic flights.

Exploring Independently: Renting a 4WD

With a road network covering nearly 90,000 km, only 15% of Tanzania's roads are tarred. Renting a 4WD, such as a Land Cruiser, is recommended for those looking to explore independently, especially outside major towns. Hiring a driver familiar with local conditions can enhance your experience and safety.

Rental agencies in cities like Dar es Salaam and Arusha offer 4WD vehicles starting at around $150 per day, with insurance and driver fees extra. An International Driving Permit may be required if your license isn’t in English.

Tip for renting a car in Tanzania: Always lock your doors while driving in town and never leave valuables in your vehicle. When parking, use car guards or attendants and pay a small fee for added security.

Convenient City Transport: Taxis and Ride-Shares

Taxis and ride-shares like Uber are readily available in cities for airport transfers and short trips. While Tanzanian taxis are not metered, you can negotiate fares before starting your journey. Hotel and restaurant concierges can also arrange reliable taxi services.

Tip for taking taxis in Tanzania: Familiarize yourself with standard fares to avoid overpaying, especially at airports where fare lists to key destinations are often posted.

Budget-Friendly Travel: Buses

Buses are a cost-effective way to travel across Tanzania. The John Magufuli Bus Terminal in Dar es Salaam handles around 3000 buses daily, connecting the city to various regions and neighboring countries. Luxury buses like Kilimanjaro Express and Shabiby Line offer comfortable options with amenities like air conditioning and toilets.

Tip for bus travel in Tanzania: Purchase tickets directly from ticket offices to ensure fair pricing and avoid touts. Compare prices and schedules for the best options.

Efficient City Exploration: Local Buses

Dar es Salaam's Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system alleviates traffic congestion with dedicated lanes for buses. This system is ideal for exploring the city center, with ticket offices along the stilted corridors on the roadway. Route maps and illuminated bus destinations aid in navigation.

Tip for BRT travel: Plan your route in advance using the maps at stations, and always check the destination displayed on the bus.

Atmospheric and Affordable: Trains

Tanzania’s train services offer an affordable and scenic way to travel. The Tanzania Railways Corporation (TRC) runs services from Dar es Salaam to Kigoma, Arusha, and Mwanza. The Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA) offers express and ordinary services to Zambia. Opt for first or second-class tickets for a more comfortable journey.

Tip for train travel: Book tickets in higher classes at least a day in advance to ensure availability and comfort.

Scenic Water Travel: Ferries and Water Taxis

Passenger ferries and water taxis connect the mainland to the islands of Unguja (Zanzibar) and Pemba, as well as between the islands in the Zanzibar archipelago. Azam Marine is one of several companies offering services between Dar es Salaam and Zanzibar. Ferry tickets are typically paid for in US dollars. Local dhow cruises are also popular.

Several ferry services link towns along the shores of Lake Victoria, Lake Tanganyika, and sometimes Lake Nyasa, but routes are subject to regular changes. 

Tip for ferry travel: Travel during the day and avoid bad weather for safety.

Local Flavor: Dalla Dalla, Boda Boda, and Bajaji

The dalla dalla, a shared minibus that operates like a local bus service, is ubiquitous in Tanzania. These small minibuses are a great way to experience Tanzanian culture, but they are often overcrowded. Avoid the front seats next to the driver, as collisions are common. Although many dalla dalla run on fixed routes, they tend to stop anywhere for drop-offs and pickups.

If you need to get somewhere quickly, consider taking a boda boda (motorcycle taxi). It's an inexpensive and fast way to get around, but also quite dangerous. Drivers rarely carry extra helmets for passengers, and it's not uncommon for a driver to carry two pillion passengers at the same time.

For a safer local trip, the bajaji, an imported tuk-tuk from India, is an extremely useful mode of transport in Tanzania. These covered motorcycles running on three wheels are common in cities, but may not be found in more rural areas. They also tend to be very dusty as the cab is partly open.

Tip for local transport: Carry small change for fares and negotiate prices before boarding.

Accessibility Considerations

While facilities for travelers with disabilities are limited, Tanzanians are generally accommodating. Sidewalks may be unsuitable for wheelchairs, and many hotels lack elevators. Tour agencies can arrange safaris for those with mobility issues, and lodges often accommodate special requirements if informed in advance.

Tip for travelers with disabilities: Contact accommodations and tour providers ahead of your trip to ensure your needs can be met.

You’ll find more information and tips here:

Tanzania Travel Guide

Best Time to Visit Tanzania

Conclusion

Tanzania offers a diverse array of transportation options to suit various budgets and travel styles. Whether flying between major cities, embarking on a self-driven safari, or navigating local transport, understanding these options can enhance your travel experience. Plan ahead, prioritize safety, and immerse yourself in the rich landscapes and cultures of Tanzania.
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